SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW: MATHEMATICAL CONNECTIONS THROUGH PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING IN TERMS OF ADVERSITY QUOTIENT

ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
In the preamble of the 1945 Constitution, one of the objectives of the Indonesian state was to educate the nation's life.According to Law No. 20 of 2013, the national education system is a planned effort to create a learning process for students to develop their potential and provide religious knowledge, personality, wisdom, noble morals, and also the skills needed for themselves, society, and the country.Mathematics is a science that can help in problem-solving.With mathematics, humans are accustomed to thinking systematically, scientifically, logically, and critically.
Mathematical connections are a compulsory skill to build.With good mathematical connection skills, it can help students connect mathematics with everyday life, can feel the benefits of learning mathematics, and can also prolong the way students understand mathematics.According to Siagian (2016) in the mathematics curriculum in schools, mathematical connections are basic mathematical abilities that must be mastered by students at the secondary school level.The ability to make mathematical connections needs to be developed through learning models.The selection of learning models used must be of high quality (Syaiful et al., 2021).The learning model has a profound effect on the learning process and outcomes (Brinus et al., 2019;Cahyaningrum et al., 2019;Hanifah et al., 2019).
Problem based learning (PBL) is a problem-based learning method, encouraging students to learn to get a solution to a problem both individually and in groups, to think critically, and to be able to determine and use appropriate sources of subject matter.PBL is a learning model that can help students improve their skills (Hotimah, 2020).
In fact, many studies have found that students are still relatively weak in their math connection ability.One of them is research by Kenedi et al. (2019) Hanarafa (2021), Ningsih et al., (2020), andHati et al., (2022) which indicates that students have a relatively low level of mathematical connection ability.In addition to the selection of learning models that must be appropriate, the ability to tolerate adversity is an important aspect of a person's quality of life known as the Adversity Quotient (AQ).According to Suryaningrum et al., (2020) showed that people with high AQ perform better than people with low AQ.AQ provides strong motivation for people to solve the problems they face so that AQ can support someone to succeed.Stoltz divided individuals into three groups of AQ: quitters, campers, and climbers.Quitter is a term for those who like to give up, Campers is a term for people satisfied with certain achievements, and Climbers is a term for people who continue to want to achieve success.
Based on the description above, it is hoped that this research can conclude that there is an appropriate learning model to be able to improve students' mathematical connection skills.Through the review of the Adversity Quotient, it is expected to be able to determine the effect of students' mathematical connection abilities based on their AQ level.

METHOD
This study used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method.According to Triandini et al., (2019) the SLR method is used to identify, evaluate, then interpret all research in a particular field with relevant research questions.According to Novitasari et al., (2019)the purpose of this Systematic Literature Review research is to help overcome the problems faced and identify different points of view on the problem being studied and show theories that are in accordance with the problems in the research.
In the initial data collection, many relevant articles were obtained from Google Scholar, Scimago Journal Rank, or Publish or Perish from 2013 to 2023.This search is done with with the keywords koneksi matematika, model PBL, adversity quotient (AQ), koneksi matematika dan PBL, koneksi matematika dan AQ, mathematical connections, problembased learning, and adversity quotient (AQ), mathematical connections and PBL, mathematical connection and AQ.Further articles are selected based on the suitability of the content.After being reviewed based on the content, 22 articles relevant to the content were taken and used as literature in this SLR method.The articles used are then summarized and presented in the form of tables based on the name of the journal, author, and research results.

Research questions:
1. What learning model is appropriate to use to measure mathematical connections?2. How does the mathematical connection affect AQ?

Results
From several articles taken, the results of this study obtained 22 articles that are relevant to the research question.The 22 articles were detailed into 14 research articles on mathematical connections in PBL learning models and 8 research articles on mathematical communication in terms of adversity quotient.

Research on mathematical connections in PBL learning models
The table below contains some research articles on mathematical connections that are suitable to be applied to PBL models

Table 1 .
List of articles regarding the connection of mathematics to PBL